What Makes a Sign an ASL Sign as Opposed to a Signed English Sign?

Language is more than just vocabulary, as it encompasses a wide range of grammatical and syntactical components. This article aims to explore the nuances of American Sign Language (ASL) signs and the differences between these signs and signed English, particularly in relation to the grammar and syntax of ASL.

ASL Grammar and Syntax

One of the key differences between ASL and signed English is the way grammar and syntax are structured. ASL, like any complex language, has its own unique grammatical rules that are distinct from those of signed English. For instance, ASL does not use articles such as 'a', 'an', or 'the'.

Vocabulary and Stringing Words

When a signer creates a sign for a noun, they are merely providing a sign for an object or concept, which is fundamentally different from simply taking an English phrase or sentence and translating it word-for-word into ASL. This notion is the foundation of ASL signs, where the meaning is conveyed through a symbol rather than a literal translation.

Identifying Signed English Signs

However, even when signs are created or borrowed, they can still fall into the category of signed English if they are used in a way that follows English syntax and grammatical structures. For example, when you see a sign that includes a word that is used as an article (‘a’, ‘an’, or ‘the’), this is a clear indicator that signed English is being used rather than ASL. Additionally, if words are being strung together in a way that follows English sentence structure (e.g., subject-verb-object), this is another sign of signed English.

Examples and Illustrations

To better illustrate these concepts, consider the following examples:

Example 1: Basic Noun Sign

Let's say a person signs the word 'book' in ASL. This would simply be the sign for the noun 'book', and it stands alone without any additional grammatical components. This is an example of a pure ASL sign, as it does not include elements that would indicate signed English.

Example 2: Signed English Sign

In contrast, if a signer uses the word 'the' in ASL, followed by the sign for 'book', it becomes a sign that is more likely to be considered signed English rather than a pure ASL sign. This is evident because the inclusion of 'the' suggests that the sentence is being constructed according to English syntax rather than ASL's natural expression.

The Importance of Understanding the Language

Understanding the difference between ASL signs and signed English is crucial for not only effective communication but also cultural sensitivity. Non-native signers who are trying to learn ASL should be aware of these distinctions to communicate more naturally and appropriately within the ASL community.

Conclusion

While ASL and signed English may use similar hand signs, it is the grammatical and syntactical structures that distinguish the two. ASL uses a different set of rules and does not include elements like articles that are common in signed English. Recognizing these differences is essential not only for fluent signers but also for anyone engaged in the study and practice of ASL.

Further Reading and Resources

For those interested in delving deeper into the nuances and complexities of ASL, we recommend the following:

ASL Mitts: A comprehensive online resource for learning ASL, featuring detailed instruction, grammar rules, and example sentences. ASL Sign List: A database of ASL signs with detailed meanings and usage examples. The Global Education Map: A resource providing insights into ASL grammar and syntax, helping to deepen understanding of the language.