Introduction
Why the sixth Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb Alamgir, is interred in the central Indian state of Maharashtra remains a topic of intrigue and speculation. His burial in the town of Khuldabad is a reflection of his life's journey, marked by military campaigns, political conflicts, and personal beliefs. This article delves into the circumstances of his last days and the circumstances surrounding his burial.
The Final Days of Aurangzeb Alamgir
Aurangzeb Alamgir, the fifth Mughal emperor, met his end on March 3, 1707, during a military campaign in the Deccan region, specifically in the town of Ahmednagar. The decision to bury him in the town of Khuldabad, approximately 24 kilometers from Aurangabad, is noteworthy for its historical and spiritual significance.
Strategic Importance of Khuldabad
Khuldabad was chosen due to its serene environment and historical importance. It was also strategically significant as a center for Sufi saints and a place of pilgrimage. This location represented both a honoring of his faith and a nod to the spiritual legacy of Sufi saints, making it an appropriate final resting place for an emperor with deep-rooted religious beliefs.
The Last Wish and Burial Circumstances
Aurangzeb had a last wish to die in Delhi, but due to the Maratha siege of Ahmednagar Fort in 1707, he was instead buried in Aurangabad. Here, Aurangzeb's son, Azam Shah, ensured that the wishes of the emperor's final days were respected and carried out. The emperor's mortal remains were transported to Khuldabad for burial, reflecting his unwavering family devotion despite political conflicts.
The Tomb and Memorial Significance
The tomb of Aurangzeb is notable for its simplicity. Unlike other grand mausoleums of Mughal emperors, his grave is unadorned, reflecting his rejection of opulence and a focus on humility in death. The tomb is located near the tomb of Sufi saint Shah Jahan Zain-ud-din Shirazi, highlighting its spiritual importance.
The Life and Reign of Aurangzeb Alamgir
Aurangzeb Alamgir devoted a significant portion of his reign (1681-1707) to the subjugation of the Bahamani Sultanate's successor states. He successfully conquered Bijapur and Golconda, but his military campaigns against the Maratha Kingdom, led by Shivaji Bhonsle, were marked by exceptional resistance and strategic battles. This prolonged conflict contributed to the emperor's eventual natural death in Ahmednagar in early 1707.
The Burial Process and Final Rites
As per Aurangzeb's wishes, his body was taken to Khuldabad, where he was laid to rest in an unmarked grave. The simplicity of the grave adds to its historical and spiritual significance. Aurangzeb was known to have worked on constructing his own tomb, budgeting 14 rupees for the task. This detail showcases the emperor's humble intentions and his detachment from earthly possessions.
The Legacy of Aurangzeb Alamgir
Aurangzeb Alamgir's reign was marked by both military conquest and religious zeal. His complex character and actions have been the subject of much historical debate. The simplicity of his burial reflects the emperors' own life choices, highlighting his piety and his unwavering commitment to his religious beliefs. The following lines from Aurangzeb himself convey his alienation from the world and the enduring legacy of the Mughal emperor:
"I came as a stranger and I leave as a stranger.
The burial location of Aurangzeb in Khuldabad has become a site of pilgrimage for those interested in the history of the Mughal Empire and the life of this complex and controversial ruler.