Introduction

Correctly using 'than' and 'as' in English comparisons is essential for clear communication. This article explores the grammatical rules governing these words, focusing on their use in comparative and superlative forms. We'll also examine common errors and provide examples to enhance your understanding.

Comparing Two Nouns

When comparing two nouns, whether using adjectives or adverbs, the correct constructions are:

'Than'

'As'

Example 1: 'Than'

With 'than', use the comparative adjective or adverb directly:

Megan runs faster than Pete.

Jack drives more carelessly than Bob.

Notice that no '-er' ending is added when using 'than' with adverbs.

Example 2: 'As'

With 'as', you use an equal comparison:

Megan runs as fast as Pete.

Jack drives as carelessly as Bob.

Here, the adjective or adverb is not modified with '-er' or '-ly'.

Types of Comparison

There are three main types of comparison:

One-to-one: Two units for comparison

One-to-more than one: Three or more units

One-of-the-few-to-the-rest: Multiple units are compared to the majority

Your comparison, between the two bags, falls into the 'one-to-one' category of Type I.

Using 'As' and 'Twice'

As

With 'as', the structure is always 'as adjective/adverb as':

This bag is twice as heavy as that one.

Note the absence of 'more' or 'less' between 'as' and the comparative adjective/adverb.

Twice

When using 'twice', you need to use 'more' or 'less' for comparison:

This bag is twice as heavy as that one.

This bag is twice the weight of that one.

This bag is two times heavier than that one.

Example 4: 'This bag is heavier than that one.'

Comparison in free form: 'This bag is twice as heavy as that one.'

Comparison in fixed form: 'This bag is twice the weight of that one.'

Common Errors and Irregularities

Many common errors occur with the use of 'as' and 'than.' Here are a few guidelines to avoid them:

Correct: This bag is twice as heavy as that one.

Incorrect: This bag is twice as heavier as that one.

Correct, but informal: This bag is twice the weight of that one.

Correct, but formal: This bag is two times heavier than that one.

Conclusion

Understanding how to use 'than' and 'as' in comparisons is crucial for effective communication. By following these grammatical rules, you can ensure your comparisons are clear and grammatically sound. Remember, 'than' is used with 'as' for direct comparison, while 'twice' and 'times' often require additional modifiers.