Introduction to Numerical Expression in Writing
When it comes to expressing numerical values in writing, there are several guidelines and rules that vary based on the style of writing and intended audience. This article will explore these rules and provide clarity on specific instances such as the correct way to express age ranges in a sentence. We will also delve into the style guides provided by major organizations to help writers navigate through the nuances of numerical expression.
Which is More Correct: “Ten to Fourteen” or “10 to 14”?
The phrase “Their ages range from ten to fourteen” or “Their ages range from 10 to 14” is a common question among writers. Both sentences are grammatically correct, but the choice between the two depends on the context and the style guidelines being followed.
Formal and Narrative Context
For formal or narrative writing, it is recommended to spell out numbers under ten. Therefore, the longer version “Their ages range from ten to fourteen” would be preferred. This approach maintains a more traditional and readable style, especially in literary or journalistic works.
Data Lists and Technical Writing
In technical writing, data lists, or when presenting numerical data, it is more appropriate to use figures. This includes contexts where precision is crucial. Hence, the shorter version “Their ages range from 10 to 14” is more suitable for tables, graphs, and technical reports.
Style Guides for Numerical Expression in Writing
The proper use of numerical expressions can vary widely depending on the style guide followed. Let’s explore some of the major style guides and their guidelines on numerical expression.
Canadian Press Styleguide
Spell out numbers under ten and use figures for those 10 and above. Avoid using commas to separate different units of measure in the same expression. Spell out first through ninth and use figures for higher enumerations. Always spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence. Do not use Roman numerals for sequences of people or animals. Do not list decades or centuries in the possessive form (e.g., "1920s" not "1920’s").Associated Press
Spell out whole numbers up to and including nine. Use numerals for numbers from 10 and above. Spell out casual expressions involving numbers. In general, spell out whole numbers up to and including one hundred in formal writing.Chicago Manual of Style
Spell out whole numbers up to and including one hundred. Use numerals when followed by words like "hundred," "thousand," etc. If the number starts the sentence, spell it out. In casual writing, you have a choice to either spell out or use numerals for whole numbers up to nine.Conclusion
When expressing numerical values in writing, the choice between spelling out numbers or using numerals can significantly impact the clarity and stylistic tone of your writing. Whether you opt for “Their ages range from ten to fourteen” or “Their ages range from 10 to 14,” the key is to maintain consistency within your document and adhere to the specific style guide your audience expects.