Draft and Military Branch Selection: Historical Insights and Volunteer Practices
In the context of World War II and the Vietnam War, the process of drafting individuals into military service was a significant aspect of national defense. However, the extent to which volunteers could choose their specific branches and units varied considerably. This article explores the historical landscape of draft policies, the impact of societal expectations, and the practices of volunteer enlistment.
World War II: A More Uniform Assignment Process
During World War II, the drafting process typically focused on assigning individuals to specific branches and units based on governmental needs and strategic advantages. There is a common perception that those drafted had little to no choice in their military assignments. This was largely due to the urgent demands of global conflict and the necessity to field a wide range of specialized units quickly.
For example, upon being drafted, individuals were often assigned to the military group that the government deemed necessary to meet immediate wartime needs. This might mean joining the Infantry, the Navy, or the Marines, depending on the shortfall in these specific areas. The rigid assignment process aimed to ensure that all appropriate branches received the necessary manpower.
The Vietnam War: A Changing Landscape in Drafting Practices
The drafting process during the Vietnam War introduced more variability and an element of choice for some individuals. The war highlighted the need for more tailored and specialized manpower, leading to some reforms in how individuals were assigned their military branches.
Bud, who was drafted in 1969, provides a prime example. When Bud and others were assembled for their swearing-in ceremony, a representative from a specific branch (in Bud's case, the Marines) would often approach a select few and direct them to serve in that branch. This practice was driven by the urgent need for specific skills and units required in combat zones.
However, the guarantee of branch selection wasn't universal. As Bud notes, others preferred to stay in military warehouses or on big ships, where they could enjoy a more comfortable life. The allure of this lifestyle was significant, as it often meant less combat exposure and more leisure time. Nevertheless, those who chose such assignments were still obligated to serve, and their choices were limited by the immediate needs of the military.
Voluntary Enlistment: A Different Path
For those who sought to volunteer for military service, the picture painted a different scenario. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the military recognized the importance of attracting volunteers, especially for specialized roles. Bud's experience with the Marine Corps recruiter in 1972 illustrates this clearly. If Bud had waited for his draft notice and then enlisted voluntarily, he had the option to choose his branch and MOS (Military Occupational Specialty).
The recruiter told Bud that he could still enter the Marines after receiving his draft notice, and offered more flexibility in terms of MOS selection. This was particularly appealing for individuals like Bud, who sought to align their skills and preferences with the military. In Bud's case, his high scores led to a more favorable assignment, allowing him to pursue his interests in mathematics by enlisting in the Artillery Fire Control role.
Moreover, the recruiter's assurance that all promises made by the military would be kept—including Bud's MOS and first duty station—provided a sense of security and stability that was appealing to many. The generous benefits of the GI Bill further underscored the value of enlisting voluntarily, as Bud's experience illustrates.
Conclusion
The drafting process during World War II and the Vietnam War illustrated a range of practices in military branch assignments. While individuals who were drafted had limited choices, those who eagerly sought to volunteer for military service had more flexibility and options available to them. The voluntary enlistment process, especially in the latter period, allowed for greater personal alignment with one's skills and career aspirations, leading to more positive and life-changing experiences.