Exploring the Concept of Disease and Disability in Novels: A Theoretical Framework
When we think about novels, we often conceptualize them as inanimate objects that do not experience diseases or disabilities. However, the idea of disease and disability can be quite rich when applied to the narrative and thematic elements of a novel. In this article, we will explore various theoretical frameworks that can help us understand and analyze such concepts within the context of literature.
What is a Theoretical Framework?
A theoretical framework is a set of assumptions and hypotheses that a researcher uses to understand their subject. In the context of studying novels, these frameworks can help us delve deeper into the thematic and emotional aspects of the story, providing a structured approach to our analysis.
The Medical Model vs. The Social Model
When it comes to understanding the concept of disease and disability in literature, two particularly useful frameworks are the medical model and the social model. Each offers a unique perspective that can enhance our interpretation of these themes.
The Medical Model
Definition: The medical model is a framework used by medical professionals to understand and treat diseases and disabilities. This model emphasizes the biological and physiological aspects of health and illness. Application in Novels: In literature, the medical model can be used to explore characters who are dealing with health issues. For example, a novel might feature a protagonist who is suffering from a serious illness, and the narrative could delve into the medical diagnosis, treatment, and personal experiences of the character. The medical model can also be useful in understanding how medical professionals perceive and treat patients.The Social Model
Definition: The social model of disability shifts the focus from the individual's impairment to the societal barriers and attitudes that limit their participation. This model emphasizes the importance of social and environmental factors in shaping the experience of disability. Application in Novels: The social model can be used to analyze characters who are facing disabilities in a broader social context. For instance, a novel might explore the challenges faced by a character with a physical disability in a society that is not equipped to support them. This framework can help in understanding the systemic issues around accessibility, discrimination, and societal attitudes.Choosing the Right Framework
Which framework to use largely depends on the specific themes and complexities of the novel. If the narrative focuses heavily on the physiological and medical aspects of health, the medical model might be more appropriate. Conversely, if the story is more concerned with the social and environmental barriers faced by a disabled character, the social model would be more fitting.
Example: A Novel Analyzed
Let's consider a novel where the protagonist, Sarah, is a character who has multiple sclerosis. Through the lens of the medical model, we could explore her journey with the disease, the medical treatments she undergoes, and her interactions with medical professionals. This would allow us to understand the biological and physiological realities of her condition.
On the other hand, using the social model, we might focus on the social stigma Sarah faces, the inaccessible environment she navigates, and the systemic issues that she encounters. This approach would highlight how societal attitudes and infrastructure shape her experience.
Conclusion
Understanding concepts like disease and disability in novels can offer profound insights into the human condition. By employing the medical and social models as theoretical frameworks, researchers can gain a deeper appreciation for the multifaceted aspects of these themes. Whether you choose to focus on the biological and medical aspects, or the social and environmental barriers, both approaches provide valuable tools for literary analysis.