Exploring the Usage and Significance of 'By' in Spanish

The preposition 'by' in English is widely used to establish relationships between different parts of a sentence. In Spanish, 'by' can be translated in various ways depending on the context and the overall sentence structure. Let's delve into the common translations and usage:

Translations of 'By'

While other prepositions can be used to translate 'by' in English, the most frequent translations in Spanish are:

1. 'By' - Está hecho 'por'

When translating 'made by' into Spanish, 'by' is often translated as 'por.' For example:

It was made by a local artist.
?Fue hecho por un artista local!

Phonetical Similarity

The pronunciation of these words is similar to their written form. This makes it easier for English speakers to remember the correct translation based on the phonetic sound:

"By" in English and "por" in Spanish have a similar sound.

Contextual Usage: "Por qué razón" and "Nos veremos por la tarde"

In many cases, 'by' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that explains reasons or indicates timing.

Reasons

For example, the Spanish phrase "Por qué razón" functions similarly to "by" in a sentence that explains a reason:

?Por qué razón no has venido hoy?
?Por qué no has venido hoy?

Timing

Similarly, "Nos veremos por la tarde" translates to "We'll see you in the afternoon," where 'by' in the context of 'by the way' is a bit different but still applicable:

Estoy saliendo para Los ángeles. Nos veremos por la tarde.
I'm going to Los Angeles. We'll see you in the afternoon.

Circumstances and Contextual Choices

The function and choice of 'por cierto' or 'a propósito' may vary based on the context. These phrases can be used to introduce unconnected or connected information, adapting to sentences that require a shift in conversation or topic:

Por cierto

'Por cierto' is used when introducing unconnected information, for example:

Estoy saliendo para Los ángeles. ?Por cierto, necesito que vallas a recoger mi lavandería!

I'm going to Los Angeles. By the way, I need you to pick up my laundry!

A propósito

'A propósito' is used to connect related information, such as:

Estoy saliendo para Los ángeles. A propósito, María va conmigo.
I'm going to Los Angeles. By the way, Maria is coming with me.

Using 'A propósito' Correctly

Introducing 'a propósito' in a sentence as an adverbial clause is a common and effective way to connect thoughts or information. It often precedes a declarative or interrogative sentence, making it a useful tool for smoothing the flow of conversation or text:

?Qué tal estás? A propósito, ?cuándo vuelves?

How are you? By the way, when are you coming back?

Conclusion

Understanding the different contexts in which 'by' is used in Spanish is crucial for effective communication. Whether introducing reasons or indicating timing, the correct choice of preposition greatly enhances the clarity and nuance of your message. Whether you choose 'por,' 'a propósito,' or 'por cierto,' the context will guide the appropriate usage, making your Spanish more fluid and natural.