Fascinating Latin Influences in Common English Words

The English language is rich with influences from various sources, particularly Latin. While 'fancier' English words often trace back to Latin roots, everyday English inadvertently borrows from Germanic origins. Yet, there are some words and phrases that are almost pure Latin, frequently used in both written and spoken contexts.

Unadulterated Latin Phrases in Everyday Language

Despite English formalities and legal jargon, which heavily rely on Latin phrases like “ad hoc” or “de facto,” there are two Latin phrases that find regular use. These are “e.g.” (exempli gratia, meaning “for example”) and “i.e.” (id est, meaning “that is”).

“E.g.” is commonly followed by an example to clarify or illustrate a point. For instance:

"We went to look for some better kitchen equipment e.g. a frying pan, a couple of good knives and so on.”

“I.e.,” on the other hand, is used when you need to explain further. Here’s an example:

"My French friend told me he was ras-le-bol about the problem i.e. fed up.”

These phrases are predominantly written but are occasionally used in spoken language, especially by those who read extensively. Misunderstandings between the two might occasionally occur, but these minor solecisms usually do not detract from the meaning.

The 100 Most Common Words in English

Even in the most common English words, Latin heritage is evident. The most frequently used English word of Latin origin is “people” from Latin “populus” via French, ranking at 61. Another commonly used word with Latin roots is “cause,” from Latin “causa,” ranking at 94. These words, along with others like “city,” “table,” “face,” “very,” and “table,” showcase the pervasive influence of Latin in everyday English.

Examples of Words of Latin Origin

Exploring further into the Latin influence, we can see a variety of words and phrases that have been seamlessly incorporated into English. Some of these include:

Roma Antenna Viburnum Persona Arena Autumnus Element Littera Vernacular Triumph Scurrilous Spurius Catamite Belt Military Mundane Histrionic Palace Sergius Populus (worldwide used “people”) Ace Mantissa Population (from “populus”) Providence (from “pro” forward “videre” to see) Humidity (from “humor” liquid) Tumor Tribute (from “tribuere” give) Contribution Quid pro quo Glut (from “agglutinare” to cram) Glutton (from “glutto” overeater) Globe Manus (hand) Manipulate Manipulative Vector (from “vehere” to move, transport) Curriculum vitae Colosseum Domicile (from “domus” house) Feminin (from “femina” woman) Conjugal (related to marriage) Temple (from “templum”)

This rich linguistic heritage exemplifies how Latin continues to shape and refine the English language. Whether through everyday usage or formal terminology, the influence of Latin remains a vital part of the vocabulary we use daily.