Is It Possible for Someone Who is Not Fluent in Reading or Writing to Speak Proper English?

Language learning is a multifaceted process that involves acquiring two distinct skill sets: basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS) and academic language proficiency (CALPS). Many people, when learning a new language, often focus on developing BICS but neglect the deeper CALPS that is essential for proper English usage. This article explores the possibility of someone who is not fluent in reading or writing to still speak proper English and highlights the differences between BICS and CALPS.

Understanding BICS and CALPS

In the field of linguistics, language acquisition is categorized into two types: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALPS).

BICS: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills

BICS is the ability to engage in everyday conversations with native speakers. This type of language learning is typically acquired quickly, often within six to eight months. It is characterized by an individual's comfort in holding a conversation, understanding, and being understood in casual settings. This skill is invaluable for service workers, waiters, and individuals in airports and hotels who need to communicate effectively without needing to delve into more complex language tasks.

CALPS: Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency

In contrast, CALPS involves the ability to comprehend and produce academic language, which is required for success in educational and professional settings. This type of language proficiency is significantly more challenging and time-consuming to develop. For example, a college graduate would need to read and write at a college-level in a new language to achieve CALPS. This stage of language learning is crucial for individuals who need to engage in critical thinking, reading complex texts, and writing detailed essays.

Developing Language Skills Through Second Language Learning

Second language learning often follows a progression. Many students, even after prolonged study, may only develop BICS, which is sufficient for daily interactions but not enough for advanced academic or professional work. As a result, they struggle in higher-level language proficiency courses, such as English as a Second Language (ESL) classes. These courses are not designed to teach conversational fluency but rather to enhance academic language skills.

ESL Classes: Focusing on CALPS

ESL classes aim to bridge the gap between basic communication skills and advanced academic proficiency. In these classes, students are taught not just to speak, but to read and write academic texts. This involves understanding complex vocabulary, grasping grammatical structures, and being able to analyze and express ideas in a structured manner. The challenge in these classes is that they require a deeper understanding of the language that extends beyond simple communication.

Immersive vs. Structured Learning

The progression from BICS to CALPS is not a linear process. Some individuals may naturally transition from BICS to a more advanced stage of language proficiency, especially if they are immersed in a culture where the second language is spoken. Immersion can accelerate language learning, particularly for BICS, as it provides constant exposure and opportunity to practice conversational skills. However, for the development of CALPS, a structured educational environment is often necessary.

The Importance of Structure in Language Learning

While immersion can be beneficial for BICS, CALPS requires a more structured approach. Academic language involves not only vocabulary and grammar but also critical thinking, essay writing, and the ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts. These skills require systematic learning and practice, which is often provided by educational institutions.

Conclusion: A Balanced Approach to Language Learning

The ability to speak proper English, which includes both BICS and CALPS, is achievable even for those who are not fluent in reading or writing. However, it requires a balanced approach to language learning. Focusing solely on BICS is insufficient for academic and professional success, as it does not fully develop the necessary skills for complex language use. ESL classes and structured educational programs play a crucial role in developing CALPS, leading to the full mastery of a second language.

Key Takeaways

The two types of language skills are BICS and CALPS: BICS for basic communication and CALPS for academic proficiency. Developing BICS is quicker, while CALPS requires years of structured learning. Second language classes like ESL focus on enhancing academic language skills, which are essential for proper English usage.

For those looking to improve their language skills, a combination of immersion and structured learning is key. Understanding the differences between BICS and CALPS can guide learners towards achieving their language goals more effectively.