Can Lay People Be Ordained as Priests in the Catholic Church?

The question of whether lay people can be ordained as priests in the Catholic Church has both historical and theological significance. In the current structure, laypeople do not bear the ordained priesthood, which is reserved to those in the clerical state. However, several roles within the Church, particularly the diaconate, are available to lay individuals, and historically and in certain special circumstances, individuals have served in these roles.

The Shepherd's Role: Ordination and Clerical State

Ordination as a priest transforms an individual from a lay state to the clerical state, thus diminishing if not eliminating, their lay status. This ordination marks a significant transition in their role and responsibilities within the Church. The process typically begins with ordination to the diaconate, a step that can be taken before or concurrently with the priesthood.

The role of deacons, while still clerical, is often closer to lay functions than that of priests themselves. Deacons can perform many of the tasks associated with the clergy, including presiding over prayer services, officiating at funerals, and preparing children for sacraments. However, they cannot celebrate a Mass unless they are also ordained as priests.

A Historical Perspective

Historically, the diaconate played a crucial role in the Church. By the 6th century, the diaconate had begun to decline as a separate order, and by the 11th century, it was fully absorbed into the priesthood. This absorption was a result of various theological and practical considerations. Theologically, the diaconate did not necessarily signify full ordination to the clerical state, although the distinction blurred over time.

In the 20th century, there was a renewed interest in the diaconate, culminating in 1970s when Catholics began to ordain deacons who would not become priests. This movement restored the 3-fold ministry of deacon, priest, and bishop, marking a significant shift in how the hierarchy of the Church is perceived and understood.

Modern Movements and Controversies

There is a growing movement to further separate the diaconate from the priesthood. Men in seminary are primarily aspiring to become priests, and there is often no need to ordain them as deacons first. This debate continues, and the outcome may have long-lasting implications for the structure and role within the Catholic Church.

For men who are not ordained to the priesthood, the diaconate remains a valuable role. Seminarians, acolytes, exorcists, lectors, and porters are individuals who serve significant functions within the Church, even if not ordained as priests. Their duties vary and can involve a wide range of activities, from preparing for liturgies to assisting with funeral rites.

Concluding Remarks

While lay people cannot be ordained as priests in the Catholic Church, they play critical roles in supporting and serving the Church. The diaconate is one such role, offering lay individuals a path to ministry while remaining in the lay state. Whether this system remains, evolves, or changes further is a subject of ongoing debate and reflection in the Catholic Church.