# Introduction

The legal and practical boundaries of the parent-child relationship can vary significantly, especially when it comes to financial responsibilities and legal standing. This article will delve into the legal implications of the parent-child relationship post 18 in the United States, focusing on emancipation, the age of majority, and the specific requirements for the FAFSA form.

# Legal Age of Majority

In the United States, 18 is generally recognized as the legal age of majority. This means that a person at 18 is considered legally capable of making decisions and entering into contracts. However, the specific circumstances and definitions of the legal age of majority can vary by state. In Pennsylvania, for instance, the age of majority is 19 or 21, or the later of 18 or completion of high school.

# Emancipation

Emancipation is a legal status that terminates the legal rights and responsibilities of a minor with respect to their parents. Emancipation can occur before the age of 18 but is quite rare. The most common reason for emancipation is a child's ability to support themselves either through employment or other means, such as getting married. This can also occur if a child's parents formally agree to terminate their legal responsibilities.

Statutory Definition of Emancipation

In Pa.), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has established that emancipation occurs "the later of 18 years or the child’s finishing high school," unless there are compelling circumstances that warrant an earlier date. This legal framework recognizes that education can sometimes extend beyond the traditional age of 18, necessitating a more flexible approach to emancipation.

Emancipation for Disabled Children

It's important to note that emancipation is more likely for disabled children. These cases typically require legal intervention, such as the establishment of a guardianship or a conservatorship, to ensure the child's needs are met.

# Parental Financial Responsibility for College Costs

While 18 is the legal age of majority, the responsibilities of parents in providing financial support for college can vary significantly. In some states, the obligation to pay for college can continue even for divorced or separated parents, while in others, it is typically limited to the time a child is in school.

Specific State Requirements

Pennsylvania's Supreme Court has ruled that state legislation attempting to dictate the division of college costs between parents after separation was unconstitutional. Instead, the court emphasized that children of divorced or separated parents do not have a right to college funding that children of intact families do not. This decision underscores the need for a more flexible approach to parental responsibility.

Neighboring State Practices

For example, in neighboring New Jersey, laws permit shared financial responsibility for college costs and can even extend regular support until the child turns 23 or finishes school, whichever comes later. The specific conditions and requirements can vary widely between states, reflecting differences in local policies and cultural practices.

# FAFSA Requirements and Independent Status

The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) requires financial information from both parents, unless a student meets certain requirements for independent status. Typically, students are considered dependent on their parents for financial aid purposes until they turn 24, which is often chosen as a statistical average for when students tend to financially independent.

Automatic Independence

In certain situations, such as marriage, having a child, or enlisting in the military, a student can automatically qualify for independent status. These events typically occur before the age of 24, thus allowing for more flexible and timely access to financial aid.

Override Requests

If a student's parents refuse to provide their financial information or offer aid, the student may request an "override" to provide their own information. However, these requests are not always granted, and refusal to provide this information can affect a student's eligibility for financial aid.

# Conclusion

Understanding the nuances of the legal and practical boundaries of the parent-child relationship post-18 is crucial for students and their families seeking to navigate the complexities of financial aid and legal obligations. Whether through emancipation, college costs, or the FAFSA process, the decisions and requirements can vary significantly depending on the state and specific circumstances. Proper guidance and awareness can help ensure that both students and their families are able to access the support they need.