Philosophical Idealism: Dead or Evolved in Modern Thought
When discussing the status of philosophical idealism, it's important to clarify that the term philosophical idealism can refer to several different concepts. It can denote the practice of forming or pursuing ideals, often in an unrealistic manner. Or it can refer to a philosophical system where the objects of knowledge depend on the activity of mind. Finally, it can also be understood as the theory that the essential nature of reality lies in consciousness or reason, rather than in physical entities.
The Confusion Surrounding Philosophical Idealism
The ambiguity in the term has led to confusion about its current status. Many people, including those in philosophical circles, often interpret it as a theory that posits the essence of reality is in the mind. This idea is somewhat alive, with individuals who believe in a virtual or ideal reality. However, for others, the term philosophical idealism may seem outdated.
Modern Philosophical Perspectives
The skepticism and pragmatism prevalent in modern philosophy, exemplified by figures like David Hume, John Dewey, Richard Rorty, Herbert Marcuse, and the Frankfurt School, challenge the idea of universal truths. These philosophers argue that it is impossible to discover eternal verities that can be applied to create a more perfect society. Instead, they advocate for a pragmatic approach that emphasizes the utility of ideas in the here and now.
Ayn Rand's Philosophy of Objectivism
One notable exception in the philosophical landscape is Ayn Rand, a thinker who upheld the ideals of philosophical idealism. Rand's philosophy of Objectivism is built upon the concepts of reality, reason, and individualism, drawing upon the works of Aristotle, Cicero, Sir Francis Bacon, and John Locke. Objectivism asserts that reality exists independently of consciousness and that reason is the only means of acquiring knowledge.
The Educational Experience: A Window to Intellectual Integrity
From my own educational journey at Trinity Grammar School in the 1970s, I was instilled with a clear and coherent approach to learning. The intellectual integrity and practical wisdom imparted by my teachers, such as Mr. Paul Sheahan, played a crucial role in shaping my understanding of the world. The lesson that 'pain is the sear to the heart that unlocks the keys to understanding' has become a guiding principle in my life.
The Ruin of Academia: Postmodernism and Its Impact
The advent of postmodernism has significantly impacted both academia and the broader intellectual community. In my view, postmodernism has led to a decline in rigorous thinking and a rise in relativism. It has allowed for the dispensing of ideas without substantive proof or consideration of their real-world implications. This has undermined the quality of discourse and the pursuit of truth.
The Need for New Thinking
The rehashing of old ideas and the superficial embrace of technology as a new paradigm is insufficient. True progress in philosophy and academia requires a fresh perspective and a commitment to philosophical idealism as a means of understanding and improving the world. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is not a sign of new thinking, but rather an indication that many are failing to think critically and creatively about the challenges of our time.
In conclusion, philosophical idealism is not dead but is instead evolving in the face of contemporary challenges. By embracing the rigors of reason, the search for truth, and the pursuit of ideals, we can hope to navigate the complexities of the 21st century with greater clarity and purpose.