Why is Political Science a Social Science Subject?

Science is fundamentally about understanding the facts and realities that govern our universe. Political science, as the study of how people govern themselves, is no less essential. It seeks to explore the relationships among individuals and communities, aiming to answer questions such as what policies foster prosperity and what measures are necessary to achieve safety and security in a world governed by the initiation of force.

The Definition and Etymology of Politics

At its core, politics represents human efforts to govern themselves with minimal conflict and resource waste. This is derived from the Greek word 'polis,' meaning the city or town where people live together and attempt to govern their behavior in the least violent manner possible.

Politics as the First Social Science

Unlike other sciences, politics is the most fundamental social science. It is the foundation upon which other social sciences are built, driven by the successful actions and activities of political scientists—those who legislate, represent, and govern people’s lives. Without understanding the political dynamics and governance structures, the study of other social sciences lacks a crucial base.

Laws and Social Dynamics: A Distinction

While social sciences as a whole deal with social behavior and institutions, political science has a unique focus. It delves into the constitution, legal structures, and political practices that define a nation's governance. Social sciences, on the other hand, provide insights into the broader social environment and individual responsibilities. The laws that political science studies are not derived from natural laws but are man-made constructs, influenced by the forces of production and economic systems.

The Structure of Political Systems

Political science is typically found in the social sciences faculty in most government universities, including those in Bangladesh, such as the University of Chittagong and Dhaka University. This placement is justified because politics is a human construct within a social structure, and research in this area is critically important for understanding and improving governance.

Cultural and Historical Contexts

The study of politics and polity is inherently linked to human social behavior, shaped over centuries. These institutions and practices are not determined by divine intervention but are products of human ingenuity. From primitive to modern societies, the state and law have evolved to meet the needs of their respective populations. For instance, an agrarian economy may require a different governance structure than an industrial one.

The Role of Marxism in Political Thought

Marx was correct in asserting that the order of law and the state are dependent on the economic base. In agrarian societies, a hierarchical system of princes may be more effective, whereas in industrial societies, a modern state with professional legal experts functioning within a democratic framework would be more suitable. This illustrates the dynamic and evolving nature of political science, adapting to the socio-economic conditions of the time.

Conclusion

Political science is fundamentally a social science, essential for understanding and improving the governance and well-being of societies. It provides a critical foundation for the study of other social sciences and is a reflection of human behavior and social constructs. Understanding political science is crucial for anyone seeking to better understand the world around them and contribute positively to it.

Keywords:

politics, social science, political behavior, governance, law