Introduction to Word-Based Programming Languages
Traditional programming languages rely on symbols, parentheses, and other non-alphanumeric characters to convey meaning and structure. However, there are some unique programming languages that use words strictly, focusing on natural language syntax. This article explores these word-based languages and their potential applications in education and programming practice.
Is There a Programming Language Entirely Typed with Words?
Yes, there are programming languages that use words instead of traditional symbols. These languages often serve more as a novelty or educational tool rather than practical everyday programming tools. Here are a few examples:
Whitespace
While not entirely word-based, Whitespace only uses spaces, tabs, and line breaks to denote structure, which can be seen as a unique departure from traditional programming syntax.
Inform 7
Inform 7 is a design system for interactive fiction that uses natural language syntax. It allows you to write code using English-like sentences, making it very approachable for writers and those with a non-traditional programming background. Inform 7's syntax is designed to be intuitive and close to natural language, enabling users to write stories and games with minimal effort.
Tcl: Tool Command Language
While it uses some symbols, Tcl's syntax allows for a very wordy style of programming. Many commands can be expressed in a more verbose manner, enhancing readability and reducing the risk of errors associated with complex symbols and syntax.
Natural Language Programming Languages
Some experimental languages aim to allow programming using natural language. These are not widely used or standardized, but they explore the concept of programming with words. Examples include Pseudocode, which is not a programming language per se but a tool for writing algorithms in plain English, making it accessible and easy to understand.
Basic Arithmetic and Punctuation in Word-Based Languages
While there are no mainstream programming languages that exclusively use words without any symbols or numbers, there are some languages that incorporate basic arithmetic and punctuation. Here are a few examples:
Plain English Programming
A Plain English programming package was created by a father and son, making it an accessible learning tool for beginners. The language uses English-like sentences to describe actions, making it easy to understand and follow.
Cobol
Cobol uses some non-alphanumeric symbols for syntax but is often used in business and administrative computing. It has a more verbose structure, which can be closer to natural language than other languages.
The Inform Programming Language
The Inform programming language is used to create interactive fiction and text-only games. While it uses some non-alphanumeric characters in its syntax, it is designed to be easily readable and understandible.
Forth
Forth is a language that allows for a very wordy style of programming. Its syntax can be redefined or overwritten, including non-alphanumeric symbols, making it possible to create a purely alphanumeric language. However, this would make the code more difficult to interpret for those accustomed to the traditional language.
Livecode
Livecode is a descendant of HyperTalk and is described as being closer to natural language. It is designed to be accessible and intuitive, making it a suitable alternative for those who prefer a more human-readable syntax.
Various BASIC Dialects
Many dialects of BASIC use fewer non-alphanumeric characters to establish their syntax, making them more word-like. Examples include Visual Basic, which is known for its readability and simplicity.
The Logo Programming Language
The Logo programming language doesn't use many non-alphanumeric characters and has been used to teach children programming. Its syntax is designed to be simple and easy to understand.
Other Experimental Languages
Lisp and Scheme rely heavily on list-based syntax, which can be challenging for beginners. However, there are other experimental languages that explore the idea of programming in natural language without relying on complex symbols.
Conclusion
While there is no mainstream programming language that exclusively uses words, these examples illustrate the creativity in programming language design and the focus on human readability. Word-based languages are particularly useful for education and can provide a more intuitive and accessible introduction to programming concepts.
Whether you are a beginner seeking to learn programming or an experienced developer interested in exploring new paradigms, word-based languages offer a unique and fascinating approach to programming.