Understanding Related Services for Students with Disabilities

Related services are a crucial component of special education, designed to help students with disabilities access their education and achieve their full potential. These services are tailored to meet specific needs identified in an Individualized Education Program (IEP). Over time, the definition and scope of related services have evolved, encompassing a wide range of supports from assistive technology to specialized individual therapy.

What Are Related Services?

At their core, related services are any services that a student with a disability requires to support their unique learning needs. These services can include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, assistive technology, and specialized instruction. The specific services a student requires depend on their individual needs and the challenges they face.

Expanding Definitions of Related Services

The definition of related services has expanded over time to include a broader range of support. Initially, related services were seen primarily as those directly associated with the child's disability, such as speech therapy and occupational therapy. However, the scope has broadened to include:

Aid in accessing educational settings, such as hearing devices, bus transportation, and accessible facilities Support in the school environment, including specialized seating arrangements and assistance with school assemblies Assistance with daily tasks, like handling school supplies or using the restroom, to ensure independence Adapted physical education to promote physical fitness and well-being

These services are not limited to traditional therapeutic services but can also include academic and other professional support needed to meet the child's individual needs.

Evaluations and Goals

For related services to be provided, a thorough evaluation must be conducted by professionals in their respective fields. For example, a physical therapist would evaluate a student to determine if they qualify for physical therapy services. If the student is found to have a need, the therapist will develop specific goals and objectives that align with the child's Individualized Education Program (IEP).

These goals and objectives can be developed by trained professionals who are experts in their field. For example, if a student qualifies for occupational therapy, the therapeutic goals might be tailored to improving their fine motor skills, while speech pathology goals could focus on language development.

Examples of Related Services

Some of the most common related services include:

Speech Therapy: This service helps students with communication disorders, whether due to articulation, fluency, or language difficulties. Physical Therapy: Focuses on improving gross motor skills, posture, and coordination, benefiting students with mobility issues or developmental delays. Occupational Therapy: Supports students in daily living tasks, fine motor skills, and sensory processing, enhancing independence in school and at home. Visual Specialist: Provides support for students with visual impairments, ensuring they can access educational materials and participate fully in class. Mobility Specialist: Assists students with physical mobility challenges, such as those using wheelchairs or other assistive devices.

These services are specifically designed to address the unique challenges faced by students with disabilities, ensuring they have equal access to educational opportunities.

Conclusion

Related services play a vital role in special education, providing students with the necessary support to succeed academically and socially. By understanding and leveraging these services, educators, parents, and other professionals can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment for all students.