Should Professors Be Required to Have a PhD in Their Field?

In the United States, the requirement for a professor to have a PhD is not as rigid as one might think. It depends significantly on the level of the course being taught. For undergraduate courses, a master's degree is sufficient. For graduate-level classes, a terminal degree in the field is typically required, which can be a PhD, Ed.D., MFA, PharmD, PsyD, or others depending on the academic discipline.

However, the necessity of a PhD does not guarantee a professor’s teaching effectiveness. Teaching skills and expertise extend beyond academic credentials. This page delves into the nuances of these requirements, exploring why a PhD is not the only qualification for an effective instructor.

The Role of the Terminal Degree

Not all proficiency areas have the PhD as the terminal degree. Some, especially at the undergraduate level, only require an M.A. or M.S. degree. In fields that do not have a PhD, obtaining a terminal degree is not practical. Therefore, it is more important to look at the institution’s expectation rather than a strict PhD requirement.

Accreditation plays a significant role in educational requirements. Most colleges and universities require the PhD or a terminal degree, particularly at research universities, to meet the standards set by accrediting agencies. These agencies, which enforce Federal higher education policies, subject all faculty to periodic review to ensure they meet the necessary qualifications.

Variances Among Institutions

At community colleges, for instance, professors can often be hired with only an M.A. This reflects the teaching-intensive nature of these institutions and the need for practical, immediate teaching skills. Historically, PhD holders were not as welcome at teaching-focused colleges, but this is changing as the academic landscape evolves.

However, in many colleges and universities, the PhD or terminal degree is expected. States also have regulatory bodies, such as the Higher Learning Commission, which ensure that faculty meet the required qualifications. The enforcement of these standards is integral to maintaining the integrity of higher education.

Exceptions and Alternative Qualifications

Despite the common requirement, there are scenarios where a PhD is not strictly necessary for effective teaching. Core courses often require a terminal degree, but in elective or specialized courses, exceptional candidates with significant practical experience can be considered. For instance, someone with relevant industry experience and a strong intuition for the subject matter can often be equally effective as a university instructor.

My personal journey reflects this. I began teaching university courses with a bachelor's degree, drawing on my industry experience and intuition. Sometimes, the right combination of practical knowledge and passion for the subject can make an effective teacher, regardless of educational credentials alone.

However, I do take issue with schools where instructors lack both a PhD and extensive teaching experience. A lack of proper qualifications can lead to pedagogical and academic shortcomings, affecting the quality of education provided to students.

In conclusion, while a PhD or terminal degree is often necessary, it is not the sole determinant of a professor's effectiveness. It is essential to consider the specific needs of the institution and the student, as well as the unique qualifications that an individual may bring to the classroom.