Do Sustentacular Cells Produce Testosterone?

The short answer is no. Sustentacular cells, or Sertoli cells, located in the testes, do not produce testosterone. Instead, they play a crucial supportive role in the development and nurturing of sperm cells during spermatogenesis. Contrary to the misconception, it is the Leydig cells, another type of cell found in the testes, that are responsible for producing testosterone. This article will delve into the functions of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, explaining their respective roles in testes and the production of testosterone.

Understanding Sertoli Cells

Located within the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells are responsible for nurturing and supporting the development of sperm cells. These cells produce various substances, including inhibin and androgen-binding protein, which help regulate the function of the testes and maintain the necessary local environment for sperm development.

Sertoli Cells and Their Functions

Sertoli cells play a multifaceted role during spermatogenesis. They not only provide physical support but also secrete hormones and signals that directly influence the development of germ cells from spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa. Some of the key hormones and signaling molecules produced by Sertoli cells include:

Inhibin: A glycoprotein that regulates the function of the anterior pituitary gland, specifically limiting the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Androgen-binding protein (ABP): This protein binds to androgens, specifically testosterone, and transports them to the germ cells to ensure proper development.

The Role of Leydig Cells in Testosterone Production

Although Sertoli cells support sperm development, it is the Leydig cells that are responsible for producing testosterone. Leydig cells are interstitial cells found in the testes, located in the interstitial tissue outside the seminiferous tubules. They respond to the luteinizing hormone (LH) released by the anterior pituitary gland to produce testosterone.

Leydig Cells and Testosterone Synthesis

The process of testosterone production can be broken down into the following steps:

Stimulation by LH: When the anterior pituitary gland releases LH, it stimulates the Leydig cells to begin producing testosterone. Testosterone Production: The Leydig cells synthesize and secrete testosterone into the surrounding interstitial fluid. Testosterone Utilization: Some of the testosterone diffuses into the seminiferous tubules, where it is taken up by the Sertoli cells. Metabolism: Within the Sertoli cells, a portion of the testosterone is converted to estradiol, a form of estrogen that is also essential for spermatogenesis.

Conclusion

In summary, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells have distinct roles in the testes and the process of spermatogenesis. While Sertoli cells focus on nurturing and supporting the development of sperm cells, Leydig cells are responsible for producing the crucial hormone, testosterone. Understanding the functions of these cells is essential for comprehending the complex process of male reproduction and hormonal balance.

Further Reading

To gain a more detailed understanding of these processes, refer to the following resources:

Sertoli cell - Wikipedia