The Controversial Legacy of Einstein's Brain
Albert Einstein, the renowned theoretical physicist, left behind not only his groundbreaking theories but also his singular brain. Right after his death, the pathologist who performed the autopsy decided to keep Einstein's brain instead of returning it to his body. This decision sparked a contentious debate on the ethics and scientific value of studying one of history's most brilliant minds.
Was Einstein's Brain Really Stolen?
The notion of Einstein's brain being "stolen" brings up significant ethical concerns. It is important to understand that the word "stole" may be a misinterpretation. While the pathologist, Thomas Stoltz Harvey, did not obtain permission from either Einstein or his family, the term "stole" implies a more sinister act. However, Harvey's actions can also be seen as the natural result of a unique opportunity to study a brain associated with a renowned figure.
Harvey's intention was to conduct a thorough study on Einstein's brain. If Einstein, like many brilliant minds before and after him, had the innate capacity to "nostrificate" equations and concepts, then studying his brain could potentially yield valuable insights.
Preservation and Study of Einstein's Brain
After the autopsy, Einstein's brain was not kept in a formalin solution but was instead preserved by Harvey. Harvey photographed the brain from multiple angles and stored the intact brain in a formalin solution. He was fired from his position and ordered to relinquish the brain, but he defied this order. In 1978, the brain's whereabouts were brought to light by journalist Steven Levy, revealing that it had been kept in two large mason jars within a cider box for over 20 years, preserved in alcohol.
Despite Harvey's controversial actions, the results of the studies conducted on Einstein's brain were significant. It was found that his brain had more glial cells, which supply nutrition to the brain. The parietal operculum, which Harvey claimed was missing, had varying opinions from other researchers. Additionally, researchers noted larger neurons in the left hippocampus and more overall folds. These findings sparked numerous studies, each contributing to the understanding of Einstein's cognitive abilities.
Criticisms and Controversies
However, the studies conducted on Einstein's brain faced criticism. Selection bias has been a major point of contention. Researchers knew which brain belonged to Einstein and which were the control brains, potentially leading to conscious or unconscious bias in the results. Neurologist Terence Hines, from Pace University, stated that these studies were flawed and that assuming unique features in Einsteins brain were connected with his genius was going beyond the available evidence.
Current Location of Einstein's Brain Slices
In 2013, 46 small portions of Einstein's brain were acquired by the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia. These thin slices were mounted on microscope slides and went on permanent exhibit in the museum's galleries. The Mütter Museum is known for its unique collection of medical specimens and anatomical artifacts, making it an appropriate venue to display these historical brain sections.
Conclusion
The controversy surrounding the posthumous study of Einstein's brain highlights the complex ethical considerations in scientific research, especially when it comes to studying a historical figure. While the brain provided unprecedented insights into the cognitive mechanisms of a genius, it also raised questions about the ethical boundaries of such studies. Regardless, the legacy of Einstein's brain continues to inspire researchers and intrigue the public.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is it true that Albert Einstein's brain was kept after his death?
A: Yes, it is true that Einstein's brain was kept after his death. The pathologist, Thomas Harvey, decided to keep the brain instead of returning it to the body.
Q: What was the purpose and outcome of the studies on Einstein's brain?
A: The purpose was to study the brain and learn what made Einstein a supergenius in physics. The studies revealed certain unique features, such as more glial cells and larger neurons in certain areas, but also faced criticism for selection bias.
Q: Where is Einstein's brain now?
A: The brain sections that remained after distribution to various researchers are housed at the National Museum of Health and Medicine. A portion of the brain slices is currently on exhibit at the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia.