The Exile of Prince Philip's Family from Greece: A Historical Context
The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and his family faced significant upheaval due to political instability in Greece following the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. This erudite article delves into the reasons behind their exile, the political and socio-economic factors at play, and the long-term impact of their displacement on Philip's life and eventual ascent to the British throne.
Political Instability and the Greco-Turkish War
The Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 was a critical event in Greek history that would have profound implications for the lives of the Greek monarchy and its royal family. Although initially commenced to protect and consolidate Greek interests in Asia Minor, the war was fraught with challenges. Despite the intentions, Greek forces were ultimately defeated by the Ottoman Turks. This military failure led to public outrage and political pressure. King Constantine I, Prince Philip's uncle, was held responsible for the defeat. This event precipitated a contentious political atmosphere, ultimately resulting in the ouster of King Constantine and forced exile.
King Constantine I and the Fall of the Monarchy
King Constantine I of Greece played a pivotal role in the Greco-Turkish War, but his decisions and leadership were heavily criticized. His controversial involvement and subsequent defeat led to widespread blame. As a result, in 1922, there was a coup initiated by Venizelos, a Greek statesman, who accused Constantine of siding with the Ottomans. The royal family, including King George I, Prince Andrew, and Prince Philip, was forced into exile.
The Exile: A Family Journey to France
The Greek royal family's exile began in the tumultuous aftermath of the war. Prince Philip was just a young child when his family departed Greece for France. This move was not just a temporary measure but a definitive relocation. The family settled in a new country, where Prince Philip would spend his early years. This period of displacement was significant for his upbringing and future.
Education and Early Influences
During his formative years, Prince Philip attended various educational institutions, including the Cheam School. Here, he met Prince Charles, who would later follow his path. The family eventually moved to Germany where Philip studied at the Schule Shloss Salem. However, the rise of Hitler compelled the headmaster, Kurt Hahn, to flee to Scotland. Hahn founded the Gordonstoun School, which would become a significant part of Philip's education. This period laid the foundation for his future and also introduced him to the young Princess Elizabeth.
The Return to Greece and International Diplomacy
Philip briefly returned to Greece in mid-1939 where he stayed in Athens with his mother. By this time, his parents' marriage had already ended. Following the outbreak of World War II, Philip was encouraged by the Greek king to travel to Britain for cadet training at the Royal Naval College Dartmouth. This journey marked the beginning of a significant period of service for Philip, both in the war and in his later life.
The Pathway to the British Throne
During his naval career, Prince Philip served in the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean, and the Pacific. His service and friendship with Princess Elizabeth developed into a strong relationship, leading to their eventual marriage in 1947. The exilic period had indirectly influenced their meeting and the formation of a relationship that would significantly impact the British monarchy. This historical context of the Greek royal family's exile provides a rich tapestry of political events and personal experiences that have shaped Prince Philip's life and contributed to his legacy.