The Fundamental Differences in Australian and American Politics
American and Australian politics have significant differences beyond the names and systems they operate under. These differences extend to the methods of governing, the influence of big business, the role of judiciary, and the overall democratic framework.
Voting and Representation
In Australia, voting is compulsory. This ensures that every citizen has a voice in the democratic process. On the other hand, in the United States, individuals must choose to vote. The American political system often leads to a cycle of apathy and dissatisfaction, where citizens complain year after year about their lack of influence.
The compulsory voting system in Australia promotes a more equal representation among the population. It damps down the impact of political extremists and ensures that the political discourse remains more moderate. In contrast, the United States employs gerrymandering and voter suppression, which can distort the true democratic intentions of the people.
Political Ideologies and Constitutions
What the United States considers left-of-center policies, such as universal healthcare, living wage, workers' rights, education, and childcare, are considered standard in Australia. This is due to the different political ideologies and constitutional frameworks that underpin the two countries.
Australia's Constitution (1901) and political structure, based on the Westminster system, are more flexible. It can be amended through a majority vote in a majority of states. The United States, however, relies on a dysfunctional Congress and an antiquated constitution (1787) that limits this kind of change. This makes the American political system more rigid and less responsive to the evolving needs of its population.
Big Business Influence and Political Stability
The influence of big business in both political systems is stark. However, there is a significant difference in the extent of this influence. In the United States, the Citizens United decision has allowed corporations to have more control over politics, leading to an undemocratic clusterfuck where one party can manipulate the economy as they see fit.
In Australia, there are limits on the influence of big money in politics, ensuring that the system remains more representative of the people. The compulsory voting system and the preferential voting rules further enhance the democratic nature of the Australian system, reducing the influence of extreme political factions.
Electoral College and Judicial Independence
The United States has an undemocratic electoral college system where the number of votes in one state can disproportionately impact the results in another state. In Australia, this system is non-existent, leading to a more fair and representative democracy.
Judges in Australia are not elected, avoiding the politicization of the judiciary. This ensures judicial independence and fairness in the legal system. In the United States, judges are often appointed for life based on political considerations, leading to a politicized judiciary.
The Role of Prime Minister and President
Australian Prime Minister, known as the "first among equals," is chosen by the party in power in the lower house and is a member of a team. This ensures a more collaborative and less centralized decision-making process. In contrast, the American President holds significant power and can make unilateral decisions, leading to a more polarized political environment.
Preferential Voting and Political Polarization
Australia's preferential voting system ensures that even if one does not prefer the major parties, they still have choices. This system dampens political extremism and encourages a broader range of political views. Compulsory voting further stabilizes the political system by reducing the influence of a small but vocal minority.
Cultural Differences in Political Discussion
In Australia, discussing religion and politics outside of family or close friends is considered impolite. The political system is seen as a fair and balanced space rather than a zero-sum game. In the United States, political and religious divisions can often lead to more heated public discourse and a more polarized society.
Conclusion
Australia and the United States have fundamental differences in their political systems. These differences lead to unique strengths and weaknesses in each country. Understanding these differences can provide insights into the diverse ways in which democracies function around the world.