The History and Origins of the English Nursery Rhyme 'Dickery Dickery Dock'

The nursery rhyme 'Dickery Dickery Dock' is a beloved and playful poem that has delighted children for over two centuries. Although it first appeared in print in 1846, this rhyme has a long and intriguing history, with its roots tracing back to 1744. This article delves into the origins of 'Dickery Dickery Dock,' exploring its development, cultural significance, and the symbolism it carries.

The Earliest Recorded Version and Its Evolution

One of the earliest recorded versions of the nursery rhyme is found in Tommy Thumbs Pretty Song Book, a collection of children's songs published in London around 1744. Interestingly, the first line of the rhyme in this early version is neither 'Hickere Dickere Dock' nor 'Dickery Dickery Dock,' but instead features the line "Hickere Dickere Dock." This indicates the song's evolution over time, with the change in wording potentially being influenced by regional dialects or cultural shifts.

The Astronomical Clock at Exeter Cathedral

A strong theory suggests that the rhyme is based on the astronomical clock at Exeter Cathedral, a remarkable structure that has stood tall since the 15th century. The clock features a small hole in the door below the face, which allows the resident cat to hunt mice inside. This detail has led many to believe that the rhyme is a playful representation of this clock and its surroundings.

The earliest known printed version of the rhyme titled 'Dickery Dickery Dock' appears in the collection Mother Goose's Melody, which was published around 1765. This version retains the kindergarten rhythm and endearing qualities that have made the rhyme a favorite among generations of children.

Origins as a Counting-Out Rhyme and Cultural Influences

Some commentators believe that 'Dickery Dickery Dock' may have originated as a counting-out rhyme. This theory is supported by the Westmorland shepherds' use of numbers in the 19th century. The numbers 'Hevera' (8), 'Devera' (9), and 'Dick' (10) are derived from the Cumbric language, a now-extinct Celtic language spoken in parts of northwestern England and southwestern Scotland. These numbers were likely used as a counting game, possibly adapted into the rhyme over time.

The Cumbric language, with its unique survival in certain regions, adds an interesting layer of regional cultural significance to the rhyme. The numbers 'Hevera,' 'Devera,' and 'Dick' may have been a part of local folklore or even a game that children played during their free time, which eventually found its way into the nursery rhyme.

Conclusion

The origins of 'Dickery Dickery Dock' are a testament to the rich cultural history of English nursery rhymes. From its early printing in 1744 to its various iterations and regional influences, the rhyme has captivated the imagination of children and adults alike. Its connection to the enigmatic astronomical clock at Exeter Cathedral and its possible ties to the Cumbric language add depth and intrigue to its story. As a beloved part of children's literature, 'Dickery Dickery Dock' continues to bring joy and delight to young and old alike.

Exploring the evolution and cultural context of nursery rhymes like 'Dickery Dickery Dock' provides valuable insight into the traditions and linguistic heritage of the English-speaking world. This historical rhyme remains a testament to the enduring power of children's literature to shape our understanding of culture and language.

Keywords: nursery rhyme, Dickery Dickery Dock, Exeter Cathedral