The Open Casket of JFK: A Memorial Decision and Its Controversies
John F. Kennedy's funeral, held in 1963, remains one of the most significant and publicly remembered events in American history. Notably, an open casket was used during the viewing period, a decision that allowed the public to pay their respects to the fallen leader. This article delves into the reasons behind the decision, the logistics of the viewing, and insights into the discussions that occurred regarding it.
Public Viewing and the Tragic Nature of Kennedy's Assassination
The tragic assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, shocked the nation. In response, President Lyndon B. Johnson decided to allow the public to view the body in an open casket. This decision was made for two primary reasons: first, to allow the public to pay their respects to the fallen president, and second, to emphasize the true gravity and tragic nature of the assassination. The casket was placed at the White House for several hours, and then it was moved to the Capitol Rotunda in Washington D.C., where it remained from November 24 to November 26. During this period, thousands of mourners paid their respects, capturing a moment in history that would be remembered for generations.
Controversy Over the Decision to Use an Open Casket
Though the open casket became a symbol of public mourning, not everyone agreed with the decision. Jacqueline Kennedy, the president's widow, was strongly against the idea of an open casket viewing. She believed that the dignity of her husband should be maintained, and the public should not be exposed to the sight of a deceased president in a vulnerable state. Despite her wishes, President Kennedy's brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, overruled her and ordered the casket to be opened for a private viewing by select family and close friends.
On the evening of Saturday, November 23, 1963, shortly after the president's body was returned to the White House, the casket was opened, and several members of the president's inner circle viewed the remains. This decision was based on the understanding of Mrs. Kennedy's wishes but acknowledged the massive public interest in the event. Records from The Death of a President by William Manchester detail this moment, providing a comprehensive account of the events that unfolded.
Finality of the Casket
The public viewing eventually came to an end, and the casket was closed once again. The remains were then prepared and placed into a second, permanent casket made of Marsellus wood. The first temporary casket, made of metal, was destroyed and disposed of at sea by the U.S. Secret Service to prevent unauthorized access.
On November 25, 1963, the body was moved to Arlington National Cemetery, where it was laid to rest in a private ceremony. The casket remained permanently sealed, signifying the end of the public viewing and a final tribute to the president.
Conclusion
The open casket decision during President Kennedy's funeral was a complex and emotional issue. It balanced the public's desire to pay their respects with the desire to maintain the dignity of the deceased. This event remains a poignant and significant moment in American history, teaching us about the balance between public and private mourning.