Introduction

The recent Fourth Baltimore Catechism, specifically in question 131, asserts that the Church has not changed from Latin to English or any other vernacular language. The use of local languages for liturgical services is attributed to the reforms after the Second Vatican Council, specifically Vatican II, which allowed the use of the vernacular.

Changes Post-Vatican II

With the advent of Vatican II, the Church has allowed vernacular languages to be used in the Mass across English-speaking countries. However, Latin continues to be used in certain liturgical contexts and is considered an essential component of the Church's tradition and universality. The Second Vatican Council authorized the use of the local language instead of Latin, aiming to make the Mass more accessible to the laity.

Latin in the Catholic Church

Latin is regarded as a 'dead language,' meaning it does not evolve or change in its use or meaning. This stability is seen as valuable in preserving the Apostolic Faith and the universality of the Church. The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and liturgical practices in Latin ensure that the faith can be understood and shared among all people, regardless of their native language. This is a key aspect of the Church's mission and a demonstration of its universal nature.

Latin in the Anglican Church

In contrast, the Church of England and the Anglican rites still retain the use of Latin in various contexts. The Archbishop of Canterbury uses Latin in his sermons, and Latin is often used in chanting and in certain religious services. Some parishes, like the local Episcopal parish the author mentions, chant Latin monthly. The Book of Common Prayer used in the Anglican tradition was initially published in Latin during the reign of Elizabeth I, and Latin continued to be used in chapels of universities and public schools. Christ Church Cathedral Oxford still retains a Latin Chapel, although regular Latin services may not be offered in the 21st century.

Reformation's Impact

The Reformation introduced the requirement for worship 'in the language understood by the people.' This meant that while worship in Latin was allowed, it was preferable to use local languages. In the 16th century, the Church of England transitioned from Latin to English in its liturgy. The turning point came in 1549 with the publication of the Book of Common Prayer in English.

Conclusion

Despite changes in the use of vernacular languages in worship, Latin continues to hold a special place in both Catholic and Anglican liturgy. Its use serves to uphold the universality of the faith and maintain a shared tradition across centuries and cultures.