The Plural Oddity: Why We Call Female Freshmen 'Freshmen' and Not 'Freshwomen'

College students are not labeled by gendered terms; they are men and women. The phrase 'freshman woman' is grammatically awkward and unnecessary, yet many persist in using 'freshwomen,' a term that doesn't align with modern usage. This article explores the history, linguistic evolution, and practical applications behind why female freshmen are referred to as 'freshmen' rather than 'freshwomen.'

Understanding the Linguistic Context

Historically, education beyond the 8th grade was rare, and predominantly for men. High school and college were not mandatory institutions; they were more of a privilege enjoyed by the wealthy. This historical context has influenced the way we refer to students, particularly freshmen.

Historical Context and Usage

Back over 100 years ago, men were the primary beneficiaries of higher education. The word 'man' often served as a gender-neutral term to refer to humans in general, a practice that seems to be evolving in modern times. The term 'freshman' is both gender-neutral and plural. Use of 'freshman girls' when talking about female students indicates a growing awareness of gender equality in language.

The Evolution of Language

Languages evolve with society, and the use of 'freshman' in both singular and plural forms reflects this. 'Freshman' is a plural noun that includes both male and female students regardless of sex. Therefore, a singular female student would be referred to as a 'freshman girl,' and a group of female students as 'freshmen girls.' This aligns with the language's attempt to be inclusive and gender-neutral.

Alternative Forms and Their Usage

There are alternative terms to make the designation of female students clearer. However, using 'freshwoman' or 'freshwomen' in formal settings is often considered awkward. For instance, 'freshwoman' and 'businesswoman' are acceptable in informal language but may not be as widely accepted in professional or academic contexts.

Correct Usage in Different Scenarios

To avoid confusion, it is preferable to use inclusive language:

First-year girl: Emphasizes the year of study and acknowledges the gender. The girl in first year: Descriptive and clear, but a bit awkward. Female freshman: Direct and unambiguous, ensuring clarity of the student's status and gender. Sophomore girl: Clear and correct, as 'sophomore' is a plural noun. Senior girl: Ambiguous, as it can refer to the oldest person or the student in the fourth year. Junior girl: Ambiguous, as it could refer to the younger of two or a student in the third year.

Conclusion

When referring to female freshmen, it is most appropriate and clear to use 'female freshman' or 'first-year girl.' This choice aligns with the evolving language and ensures that both gender and academic status are accurately represented. The key is to maintain clarity and inclusivity in our language, reflecting the diverse and growing community of college students.