How Many American Presidents Have Been Awarded the Purple Heart Medal and Who Were They?
The Purple Heart Medal is one of the oldest military decorations in the United States, symbolizing the honor and sacrifices made by servicemen and women. Over the years, only a select few American presidents have been awarded this prestigious medal for their combat injuries. This article explores the stories behind the three American presidents who have earned the Purple Heart.
George Washington: A Precedent to the Purple Heart
George Washington, the first president of the United States, did not receive the Purple Heart as we know it today. However, he established the Badge of Military Merit in 1782, which is considered a precursor to the Purple Heart. During the Battle of Brandywine in 1777, Washington was shot in the arm, a casualty in another era.
Dwight D. Eisenhower: Training Wounds
Although Dwight D. Eisenhower is not as well-known for receiving the Purple Heart, he did earn it for his injuries sustained during World War I. Eisenhower was involved in a car accident during a training exercise in 1918, leading to his receipt of the medal.
John F. Kennedy: The Sole Recipient Among Presidents
John F. Kennedy holds the unique distinction of being the only U.S. president to have ever received the Purple Heart. His service in World War II is what led to his injury and subsequent award.
The PT-109 Incident: A Turning Point in Kennedy's Presidency
In 1943, during World War II, Kennedy was in command of the PT-109. His boat was sunk by a Japanese destroyer during a patrol in the Solomon Islands. Kennedy sustained a serious back injury while rescuing his crew. This incident resulted in his receiving the Purple Heart medal due to his heroic actions.
During the night of August 1, 1943, a Japanese destroyer sailed through the dark, moonless night and collided with Kennedy’s PT-109, causing significant damage to the craft. Six members of the PT-109 crew were killed, and Kennedy was seriously injured. He used his swimming skills, honed in his youth and at Harvard, to pull a wounded crew member three miles to a small island. Kennedy then befriended some of the native islanders, and on August 8, the crew was rescued. This inspiring tale highlights Kennedy's leadership and courage in the face of adversity.
Unique Military Honors: Kennedy's Duality
Interestingly, JFK also received the Navy Marine Corps Medal, an honor not awarded to any other president. The PT-109 incident stands as a testament to his bravery and unwavering commitment to his crew.
Other Presidents and the Purple Heart
While George H.W. Bush, a WWII Navy pilot who was shot down by the Japanese but not injured, and Harry Truman, a National Guard artillery captain in France during World War I who was also not injured, were both eligible for the Purple Heart, they did not receive it.
In conclusion, the Purple Heart medals awarded to these presidents are not just honors but stories of their courage and sacrifice. George Washington's establishment of the Badge of Military Merit, Eisenhower's training injuries, and Kennedy's PT-109 incident highlight the profound impact these honors have had on American history and the values it represents.