Understanding Eid and Qurban: Debunking Misconceptions
The triliteral root qāf rā bā occurs 96 times in the Quran in 11 derived forms, conveying the meaning "go nearer" or "to be nearer." This concept is intricately linked with the practice of Qurban, which is performed to draw closer to Allah. The Qurban refers to the objects, such as crops or animals, used in the sacrifice process, often translated as Qurbani or simply sacrifice.
The Quranic Context of Qurban: Qurban of Ibrahim AS
Islam strongly emphasizes the significance of the Qurban of Ibrahim AS. While the term Qurban is often associated with the Eid-ul-Adha, the Quran provides a different context for understanding this practice. In Ayah AQ-5:27, the Quran narrates the story of Adams two sons, where one's sacrifice was accepted while the other's was not accepted. This illustrates the principle that sacrifice must be done with sincerity and intention, not for show.
Qurban in the Quran and Islamic Tradition
Following the narrative of Ibrahim AS, we must delve deeper into the Quranic text to understand the Qurban. Ayah AQ-6:136 reveals that the polytheists also performed a Qurban of their crops and livestock, but neither their polytheist gods nor Allah received any benefit. In this verse, the Quran reiterates that their offerings went to idols, not to Allah.
The Misconception of Eid and Qurban
Certain individuals and groups argue that the Quran advises Muslims to slaughter animals on the day of Hajj. However, Islamic tradition, as supported by the Quran, states that Ibrahim AS was commanded to sacrifice his son, a scenario that most Quranic commentators have deemed an allegorical dream. Ayah AQ-6:137 further clarifies that Allah did not inspire Ibrahim AS to sacrifice his son. Instead, the purpose of the dream was to test Ibrahim AS's faith and loyalty.
The Quranic verse Ayah AQ-6:137 addresses a critical issue, stating that some of the polytheists have made the killing of their children appealing to bring about their destruction. This sheds light on the specific context of performing a Qurban.
Ayah AQ-22:34: Misinterpretation of Qurban
A certain translation of Ayah AQ-22:34 is often cited to claim that the Quran specifies the Qurban on the day of Eid-ul-Adha. However, this interpretation misses the mark. Ayah AQ-22:34 is more about providing a lawful process for slaughtering animals and distributing the meat. The Quran emphasizes that this is to honor the name of Allah and to avoid worshipping idols. The verse states:
And for every nation We have made a way or process, that they may mention the name of Allah on known days over what He has provided for them of [sacrificial] animals. So eat of them and feed the miserable and poor. (Aayah Q-22:34)
Far from advocating slaughter on specific days without legal context, the Quran is mandating an ethical and lawful way of fulfilling the Qurban to honor the name of Allah and ensure the well-being of all people, especially the poor and needy.
The Role of Hajj in Qurban and Eid-ul-Adha
The distribution of Qurban meat as observed in the Ayah AQ22:28 is part of the Hajj ritual. This reaffirms that performing the Qurban for non-Hajj participants is a bid'ah or innovation that has no basis in the Quran.
The only question that arises is whether the Qurban performed for Eid-ul-Adha is valid outside of the Hajj process. The answer lies in understanding that the Qurban should be conducted to honor Allah and fulfill religious duty, not as a mere ritual to fulfill obligations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Qurban is a significant practice in Islam, but its true meaning and purpose are often misunderstood. The Quran does not mandate a specific day for Qurban; rather, it emphasizes the importance of performing Qurban with sincerity, intention, and ethical guidelines. Misinterpretations and innovations such as the local Hajj process dilute the true essence of this religious duty.