Understanding and Preventing Meltdowns in Adults with Autism
Dealing with meltdowns in adults with autism can be challenging, especially when the root causes are not always obvious. While meltdowns are a normal part of living with autism, their frequency and severity can significantly impact daily life. In this article, we will explore the various triggers for meltdowns, why they occur so frequently in adults with autism, and practical strategies to prevent them from happening too often.
The Triggers Causing Meltdowns
A meltdown in an individual with autism is often an unexpected change, such as an unexpected bag check while traveling. For example, a routine visit to the airport might be interrupted by an unexpected bag check, which can cause overwhelming stress and emotions. This was especially true for the author, who had to deal with a bag check while on an international flight, leading to a meltdown due to the unexpected and intrusive nature of the procedure.
While sensory overload is a common trigger, different individuals experience meltdowns for a variety of reasons:
Sensory issues: Loud noises, certain tactile sensations, or the presence of others can trigger a meltdown. For instance, the author cannot stand hearing public phone calls, even though phone sounds themselves do not bother them. Routine changes: Unexpected changes in daily routines or plans can cause significant distress, leading to a meltdown. The extra bag check at the airport was a stark and unfamiliar event for the author. Social interactions: Soft touches from others can cause an overwhelming response, leading to a meltdown. For some, even the gentlest contact can be extremely uncomfortable.Frequency and Consequences of Meltdowns
The frequency of meltdowns can vary greatly among individuals with autism. Some may experience them rarely, while others may encounter them more often. The author is particularly interested in the question of how often is too often, as meltdowns are a normal part of living with autism. However, frequent meltdowns can hinder social interactions and daily functioning. Social pressure and discrimination can exacerbate the situation, making meltdowns more likely to occur.
Why Are Meltdowns More Frequent in Adults with Autism?
Adults with autism are often discriminated against and expected to conform to neurotypical norms. This pressure is often compounded by sensory overload, making it difficult to navigate various environments and social situations. In many cases, meltdowns are triggered by sensory issues or unexpected changes, leading to overwhelming feelings of stress and anxiety.
For example, a noisy environment or a change in routine can trigger a reaction that is difficult to control. The author's experience at the airport demonstrates how an unexpected and invasive bag check can cause a meltdown, even though the individual is not typically bothered by loud noises or unexpected changes when they occur during normal circumstances.
Preventing Meltdowns: Practical Strategies
Preventing meltdowns in adults with autism requires a thoughtful and empathetic approach. Here are some strategies that can help:
1. Record and Identify Triggers
Keep a record of when meltdowns occur and note any patterns in what might trigger them. This data can help in identifying the underlying causes and developing a more effective response plan.
2. Develop a Plan for Meltdown Management
Having a plan in place can ensure that appropriate steps are taken when a meltdown occurs. This may include methods for managing sensory input, such as noise protection headphones, or calming techniques.
3. Avoid Sensitive Situations When Possible
While it may not always be possible to avoid certain situations, being aware of potential triggers can help in avoiding them if possible. For instance, if a noisy environment is likely to cause a meltdown, trying to stay somewhere quieter can help.
4. Utilize Fidget Tools and Self-Stimulating Activities
Fidget tools and self-stimulating activities can provide an outlet for excess energy and help in managing meltdowns. These tools can aid in focusing and reducing anxiety, providing a sensory break during times of stress.
5. Listen to Autistic Individuals
It is essential to listen to and believe the experiences of autistic individuals when discussing their needs and triggers. Often, sensory issues are dismissed as anxiety, leading to further distress. Instead, try to understand the specific sensory or situational triggers that cause a meltdown.
6. Work on Mutual Understanding
Accept that neurotypical communication is not the only way to communicate effectively. Research and understand the double empathy problem, which highlights the gap in understanding and communication between neurotypical and autistic individuals. Focus on mutual understanding rather than forcing autistic individuals to conform to neurotypical communication norms.
In conclusion, meltdowns in adults with autism are normal and are often triggered by unforeseen changes, sensory overload, and discrimination. By understanding the underlying causes and implementing practical strategies, it is possible to prevent meltdowns from occurring too frequently, creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with autism.