Why Is Laodicea a Lukewarm Church: Spiritual Challenges in the Modern World
In the Book of Revelation, Jesus addresses the church in Laodicea as a lukewarm one, using a metaphor that has since been interpreted by scholars and theologians to highlight the spiritual condition of numerous churches throughout history. This article delves into the significance of this metaphor, its implications, and the challenges that it poses for contemporary Christians.
Historical Background of Laodicea
Laodicea, a wealthy city known for its banking, textiles, and medicine, faced a crucial issue due to its water supply. Nearby towns had access to either hot or cold water, but Laodicea received lukewarm and mineral-laden water, making it unsuitable for drinking. This condition serves as an excellent metaphor for a spiritual state, as we will explore.
Symbolism of Lukewarmness: Spiritual Condition
The term lukewarm in the context of Laodicea symbolizes mediocrity, complacency, and self-sufficiency. Material wealth can often blind individuals to their true spiritual poverty, as expressed in Jesus' teaching that everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again, but those who drink of the water that I shall give him will never be thirsty. The water that I shall give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life. (John 4:13-14)
Lukewarmness represents a rejection of the transformative journey of salvation, which is viewed as theosis—participation in the divine life. This neglect of the transformative process obstructs the church's emphasis on sanctification and growth in virtue, which often depend on a commitment to spiritual discipline and commitment over easy comfort.
Key Concept: Theological Virtues
Thomas Aquinas identified acedia, a spiritual laziness or apathy, as a deadly sin. Lukewarmness parallels this sin by resisting the demands of love and avoiding the effort required for spiritual excellence. Faith, hope, and charity—commonly referred to as the theological virtues—are central to a vibrant and active relationship with God and neighbor. By practicing these virtues, individuals allow themselves to be transformed into the image of Christ.
Compromise with the World
Laodicean lukewarmness reflects a compromise with the world. Individuals may be materially rich but spiritually poor, which represents the danger of prioritizing worldly success over eternal treasures. In the Bible, Christ's words in Revelation 3:18, buy from me gold refined by fire, underscore the need for purification through trials and detachment from materialism. This theme is further echoed in the Desert Fathers' emphasis on asceticism and humility, which are essential for true spiritual growth.
Eschatological Warning and Repentance
The reference to Lukewarmness of Laodicea serves as a warning to the Church throughout history, especially during times of complacency or moral decline. St. John Chrysostom warned against spiritual tepidity, noting that it is more dangerous than outright rejection because it can deceive individuals into thinking they are secure. However, Christ's call to repentance in Revelation 3:19—Those whom I love I reprove and discipline”—highlights His mercy and desire for transformation. This call to buy from me gold refined by fire requires a transformation through metanoia, or repentance, which involves sacramental confession and acts of penance. The Church emphasizes continual repentance as a way of life, fostering humility and renewed zeal for God.
Remedies for Lukewarmness: Sacramental Grace, Ascetic Discipline, and Eucharistic Participation
The invitation to dine with Christ in Revelation 3:20 points to the Eucharist, the source and summit of Christian life, which ignites fervor and deepens union with Christ. Lukewarmness often stems from isolation or neglect of communal worship, so the Church stresses the importance of liturgical life, prayer, and the communion of saints as remedies for spiritual apathy.
Key Concept: Synergy
To overcome lukewarmness, Christians must engage in synergy, or cooperation between divine grace and human effort. This cooperation is essential for the soul to ascend to divine union. St. Teresa of ávila describes lukewarm souls as those trapped in the early stages of spiritual growth, unable to advance toward deeper mystical experiences. By fostering renewal in their spiritual lives, individuals can move beyond this lukewarmness and experience the transformative power of God.
Conclusion: Laodicean lukewarmness serves as a mirror for all Christians tempted by complacency. Jesus' stern words are an act of love, urging His followers to rekindle their fervor and fully embrace the vocation of holiness. The Church offers profound remedies for lukewarmness: sacramental grace, ascetic discipline, and a relentless pursuit of divine love. Through these means, individuals can overcome spiritual tepidity and experience the rich and vibrant life that God desires for all of His children.