Why Some People Are Against Declaring Sanskrit as a Classical Language

The debate over whether Sanskrit should be declared as a classical language has ignited a significant controversy among scholars and linguists. While some well-known linguists have raised valid points against this declaration, it is important to explore these arguments and evaluate their validity.

Valid Points Against Declaring Sanskrit as a Classical Language

Language in Use

One of the primary arguments against declaring Sanskrit as a classical language is its current usage. According to some linguists, a language must be spoken by people to be considered truly a language. Sanskrit, despite its rich literary history, is not an everyday spoken language. Its current status is more akin to a script or a code used primarily in religious and academic contexts.

Language and Mother Tongue

Another argument centers around the concept of a mother tongue. It is claimed that for a language to be a mother tongue, it should be spoken by mothers to their children. However, in the case of Sanskrit, it is noted that women, in many traditional contexts, are often banned from speaking it. This omission means that Sanskrit cannot be a mother tongue in the traditional sense, and therefore, cannot meet the criteria for being classified as a language in this manner.

Pedagogical Approach

A related point is about the transmission of a language from one generation to the next. It is argued that if a language is not taught to its daughters or wives by fathers, it does not qualify as a father-tongue. In the case of Sanskrit, its transmission has largely been through academic and cultural institutions rather than familial instruction, leading some to question its eligibility.

Lack of Native Speakers

Another valid concern is the presence of native speakers. It is argued that for a language to be truly classified as a classical language, there must be a distinct native-speaking community. For instance, when comparing Sanskrit with languages like Tamil or Mandarin, it is pointed out that there are no native communities for Sanskrit words. Instead, Sanskrit has been heavily influenced by other languages, such as Tamil Brahmins who developed it, but their primary language is Tamil. This absence of a native community further strengthens the argument that Sanskrit does not fully meet the traditional criteria for classification as a classical language.

Counterarguments and the Case for Sanskrit

While the above points are indeed valid, they do not fully capture the multifaceted role of Sanskrit in India's cultural and intellectual heritage. Sanskrit, despite not meeting all the traditional criteria, still holds a revered and essential place in India's history and society.

Symbol of India's Ethos and Soul

Many scholars and cultural enthusiasts argue that Sanskrit is not just a language but a symbol of India's ethos and soul. Its rich literary traditions, profound philosophical and religious texts, and its influence on various Indian languages and cultures make it an integral part of India's cultural fabric. While it may not be a modern spoken language, its historical and cultural significance is undeniable.

Preservation and Revival Efforts

Efforts are ongoing to revive and preserve Sanskrit. Institutions, universities, and cultural organizations are working to make Sanskrit more accessible and relevant in contemporary times. These efforts are crucial in maintaining the language's presence in academic and spiritual contexts.

Conclusion

The debate over Sanskrit's classification as a classical language highlights the complexity of linguistic and cultural classifications. While the points raised by certain linguists are valid, they do not entirely undermine the historical and cultural significance of Sanskrit. It is a testament to its enduring relevance that Sanskrit continues to be recognized as a classical language alongside Tamil and other important languages of India.