Working Legally in the USA Post-PhD/Postdoc: Understanding OPT and STEM OPT

Many international students who have completed a PhD or postdoctoral research in a STEM field in the USA are eager to work here without any immigration visa requirements. While this is not entirely accurate, there are several opportunities available to them through the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program. This article aims to clarify the details and requirements of the OPT and STEM OPT programs.

Post-Completion OPT

After completing a degree at an accredited U.S. institution, international students can apply for a period of Optional Practical Training (OPT), which allows them to work in the United States in positions related to their major field of study. Students are eligible for up to 12 months of OPT initially, during which they can gain valuable work experience while still holding an F-1 visa.

STEM OPT Extension

A key distinction for students in STEM fields is the ability to extend their OPT by an additional 24 months. This extension is part of the STEM Optional Practical Training (STEM OPT) program, which is available to students who have earned a degree in a qualifying STEM field. By completing the initial 12 months of OPT, followed by a 24-month extension, international students can extend their work authorization period in the United States to a total of 36 months, or three years, after graduation.

Eligibility and Application Process

To apply for the STEM OPT extension, students must meet several important criteria:

Time Limit: They must apply before their current 12-month OPT period expires. Employment: They must be employed by an employer who is enrolled in the E-Verify program. Legal Status: They must continue to maintain their F-1 student visa in good standing.

The application process typically involves submitting an application to the school's designated campus entity (DSO) and then obtaining an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

While on OPT, students are considered to still be on an F-1 visa but are allowed to work in the United States for up to 36 months in a job that aligns with their field of study, provided they meet the eligibility criteria.

Important Considerations

It's crucial to note that working under OPT or STEM OPT does not mean that students can work freely without needing a visa. They must adhere to strict guidelines and maintain their F-1 status. International students should carefully review the application process and ensure they understand the timelines and requirements before applying.

The OPT extension, and particularly the STEM OPT extension, are highly regulated programs. Students should take the time to understand the requirements and benefits fully. While these programs provide valuable opportunities for international students to gain practical work experience in the U.S., it is essential to stay compliant with all immigration rules and regulations.

Conclusion

While it is true that international students can work in the United States for up to 36 months through the OPT and STEM OPT programs, these opportunities come with specific conditions and requirements. Understanding and complying with these rules is critical for maintaining legal status and enjoying the benefits of this pathway.